Towns in England, Ireland, France, and Russia today still bear names derived from Norse words. Ireland, as an island lying out on the north western fringe of continental Europe was settled by humans civilisations relatively late in European prehistory terms with the first human settlements taking place around 6000 BC. Some, such as MacAuliffe (Son of Olaf) and MacManus (Son of Magnus) are quite common, though the latter at least are not all of Viking stock.. Some names from this time are descriptive, so that Doyle is an Anglicisation of Ó Dubhghaill, which means “son of the dark (or evil) … Ireland history. A range of important historical events have taken place in prehistoric Ireland over the centuries. The history of Ireland 800–1169 covers the period in the history of Ireland from the first Viking raids to the Norman invasion.The first two centuries of this period are characterised by Viking raids and the subsequent Norse settlements along the coast. Viking settlers left lasting imprints as they intermarried and joined the cultures of their adopted homes. The Vikings were in Ireland for relatively short time, but they left a considerable legacy of names behind. Viking ports were established at Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Cork and Limerick, which became the first large towns in Ireland. Toponymy in Wales reveals significant features of the country's history and geography, as well as the development of the Welsh language. Viking settlements soon appeared in the British Isles, western France, and Russia, as well as on previously uninhabited North Atlantic islands. The place-names of Wales derive in most cases from the Welsh language, but have also been influenced by linguistic contact with the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Anglo-Normans and modern English.
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