Problem-solving almost seems to be a given for any study on leadership. Management is primarily concerned with guidance, personal example, control, and authority - affirming the positive behavior of the leader (delegating power and responsibility). These assumptions have much in mutual with consideration and employee-centred approaches to leadership. Problem-solving almost seems to be a given for any study on leadership. 1.3 What Do Leaders Do? Behavioral Approaches to Leadership Employees feel satisfaction from hard work and that is the motivator to do well in their roles. To behavioural theorists, a leader behaviour is the best interpreter of his governance prowess and as a result, is the best centre of their leadership success. Behavioural styles approach: focuses on the behaviour of people in leadership positions, the importance of leadership style and how it influences group performance.. Likert, Blake and Mouton and Blake and McCanse compared behavioural styles across two dimensions: concern for production (relates to McGregor Theory X) and concern for people (relates to McGregor Theory Y). Leadership researchers White and Hodgson suggest that truly effective leadership is not just about the qualities of the leader, it is about striking the right balance between behaviors, needs, and context. Specialist literature debates various viewpoints on the concept, sometimes contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to . This is the core principle of the Z theory and connects to the previously mentioned Y theory. Different situations require different styles of . 10 Modern Leadership Traits Crucial for Success | Y Scouts Theory Y encourages decentralization of authority, teamwork and participative decision making in an . According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all situations. Employees work because they enjoy their labor and are working to better themselves. Theory Y implies that the managers should create and encourage a work environment which provides opportunities to employees to take initiative and self-direction. Because each one of our team members was to focus on different aspects of this leadership approach, I decided to focus on competencies of problem-solving and social judgment skills. Theory X. In my previous post solely looking at the behavioral theory of leadership I implied that trait theory was the same as the great man theory. Good leadership is an essential element of any business in any industry. Because of his human characteristics of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, and . Knowledge. According to an American Society for Training and Development study, job knowledge is the only thing that ranks higher than communication in determining good leadership. This theory holds that anyone can be prepared to be a leader by coaching them in the most suitable behavioral response for any given situation . TechnoFunc - McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y The unconscious is the mental territory where . X and consider using the techniques suggested by Theory Y. O a. 5 Leadership Theories & How to Apply Them What is Theory X & Theory Y? Definition of Theory X ... The assumptions also form the basis of Theory X and Theory Y. Douglas McGregor is the theorist credited with developing these two contrasting concepts. Good leaders can make or break a department, team, or an entire company. The situational theory by Hersey and Blanchard gives a more emotional dimension it. The Challenge Of Being A Theory Y Manager It emphasizes developing and improving performance orientation of the people working in the organisations. Beyond Theory Y - Harvard Business Review The purpose of this paper is to analyse the major areas of leadership research using the taxonomy and nomenclature of evolution, and to acknowledge each major leadership research approach in terms of evolutionary eras and periods. 8. A leader's behaviour varies as per the situation. What is Theory Y? (PDF) TRAIT APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP - ResearchGate Theory Y assumes that people are generally motivated, self-starters who are ready to take up the challenges without too much supervision, direction, and control. 4. O b. Trait theory takes a very similar approach to Great Man Theory in also using Carlyle's ideas as a basis. London: Sage. According to McGinnis (2006), organizations are social institutions with a group of people that need mobilization to work interdependently for . the Theory Y style of leadership. Transcribed image text: What is the approach of Theory Y leadership? He was a strong supporter of Theories X and Y, and he put Theory Y (that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility) into practice in a Californian electronics factory. The Contingency approach is a management theory that helps the manager to adopt the best management style is dependent on the context of the situation. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the . Before we begin, we need to put leadership theory and practice in the context of history, to understand how the field of study has evolved. It emphasizes human relations at work and views people as industrious, responsible, and interested in challenging work. Social Judgment Skills. Psychoanalytic approaches to leadership. The managerial grid approach considers people and production, and evolves five types of leadership styles. Theory X is the more autocratic style where leaders can force employees to be task oriented and theory Y is works on a mutual relation to achieve a job satisfaction (Northhouse 2012). Theory Y managers favor a more collaborative approach, centering their leadership on trust, valuing creative problem solving, and managing by way of providing their employees with tools, opportunities, and visibility to do their jobs well. Putting things into context. The theories attempt to show how a manager's perception of his team affects the behaviour of the manager and how they treat their team. The first, usually called the . In the context of today, Theory X has . Employees should be given opportunities to contribute to organizational well-being. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. The traits theory failed to explain what caused effective leadership. The behavioral approach theory is an extension of the traits theory and is superior in certain respects. Leaders must respond with a participative style of management. Effective Problem-Solving. This approach emphasizes cooperation between management and employees. A noteworthy theory about leadership can be considered Tannenbaum and Schimt Model . In summary, the contingency theory suggests that great leadership is a combination of many key variables. Because these managers can assume that employees will act in the best interests of the organization given the chance, Theory Y managers allow employees autonomy and help them become committed to particular goals. Putting things into context. Theory Y is a modern approach on motivation, put forward by McGregor. Dive deep into the characteristics of the theories X and Y in . The Situational Theory is similar to the Contingency Theory as it also proposes that no one leadership style supersedes others. The major distinct disadvantage of Theory X and Theory Y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions — a supervisor is either motivated by Theory X or by Theory Y. They were the situational theory and contingency theory approaches. While trait theory and behavioral theory focused primarily on the leader him/herself, situational theory focused on the situation (Antonakis et al., 2004: 152). Although it is not a fully articulated theory with well-developed hypotheses, the trait approach formed the basis . Grounded theory employs qualitative research procedures (Creswell, 2007, 2013) that are not prefigured. Performance. Behavioral approach is one of the approaches of studying and implementing leadership policies and decisions and has proved to be an effective way of management as it is consistent with theory Y. Theory Y managers are likely to believe that employees are motivated by the value of their contribution. 4. The first, usually called the . It involves lot of leadership skills on the part of the managers to achieve these objectives. In other words, leaders are born and not bred. Defined by leadership studies scholars Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass, this leadership style involves improving the morale and job performance of team members by connecting with their sense of identity and the collective identity of the organization. Because these managers can assume that employees will act in the best interests of the organization given the chance, Theory Y managers allow employees autonomy and help them become committed to particular goals. It posits that certain natural abilities are inherent in effective leaders. To start off with, here's a brief definition of McGregor's theory X and theory Y. Trait era: Great Man theory (1840s) and trait theories (1930s-1940s) In the 19th century, research on leadership was focused on the innate characteristics of a leader9 10 and on identifying the personality traits and other qualities of effective leaders.11. This wasn't entirely accurate. Theory Y managers favor a more collaborative approach, centering their leadership on trust, valuing creative problem solving, and managing by way of providing their employees with tools, opportunities, and visibility to do their jobs well. The Behavioral approach theory It focuses on the study of specific behaviours of a leader. It refers employee and managers as parents and kids. Theory into practice Abraham Maslow viewed McGregor as a mentor. One of the most important ways a leader communicates to his or her group is by example and attitude, ."Know thyself" - Plato. (Perhaps you can see one primary fault with these theories, just from their name: they assumed only half the . • Human relations approach • Theory X and Theory Y Scientific: 1. Transcribed image text: What is the approach of Theory Y leadership? O a. The formal elements of an organization are its structure. Definition: Theory X and theory Y are part of motivational theories. The theory of Theory-Y is a new approach to management. THEORY-Y. 3. workers are little above the child, and must be told what to do,and shown how to do it Human relations approach: 1. Learn about several leadership theories and see how they can impact your leadership skills. Situational Theory. This approach emphasizes cooperation between management and employees. The theory Z is a continuation of this last style, which makes it an even more participative style than the Y theory. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Theory X is based on assumptions regarding the typical worker. The goal of a grounded approach as a research method is to generate a theory or model from data through a rigorous and systematic approach. A transformative leader is a visionary who inspires others and encourages critical thinking and . Under Theory Y, employees are not lazy, can enjoy work, and will put effort into furthering organizational goals. Contingency approach helps to understand that management activity such as planning, controlling, leadership, or organization are completely dependent on the circumstances. 'Theory Y' underlines the importance of maintaining an organisation where people feel confident and motivated. Theory Y. employees are motivated intrinsically. Management and leadership are two separate business disciplines. Likert's four systems identify leadership styles which . As such, threats of punishment are far less effective in motivating the employee. Effective Problem-Solving. This theory states that individual goals and organizational goals don't have conflict. The trait theory of leadership focuses on identifying different personality traits and characteristics that are linked to successful leadership across a variety of situations. A theory Y manager believes that employees are happy to work and giving them freedom and trust will result in happier workers. Leadership Outcomes. The trait theory of leadership focuses on identifying different personality traits and characteristics that are linked to successful leadership across a variety of situations. The work of psychologists, like Abraham Harold Maslow, are the voices that define management for us. As its name suggests, the theory implies that leadership depends on the situation at hand. traits, behaviour and situation. This model is based on the consideration of leadership as well as on a variety of types of behavior of a leader-Chief, as they can appear under the influence of the internal environment of the organization and of the social environment to. Performance. Developed in the 1960s by Douglas McGregor in his book, "The Human Side of Enterprise," 1  Theory X and Theory Y allocate the job of management into two styles. The Functions of the Y Hierarchy of Managerial Communications. The approach emphasizes work efficiency and views people as not so industrious and responsible O c. The approach seeks to transform people and look . To start off with, here's a brief definition of McGregor's theory X and theory Y. It emphasizes human relations at work and views people as industrious, responsible, and interested in challenging work. His successor was an individual whom he had sent to the leadership develop-ment program. Theory X starts from the assumption that people are naturally lazy, want to avoid work as much as possible, do not wish to take responsibility, have no . McGregor encouraged organizations to adopt more of a Theory Y leadership style. ), The SAGE Handbok of Leadership: 393-405. O b. According to theory X, there are following assumptions about human nature, on which the manager has to base his motivation efforts: The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he can do so.
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